The wind stress and heat flux to force the model are determined as follows. Input required to determine these forcings are the atmospheric surface wind velocity, u, and the fractional cloud cover, C. The model has mostly been forced using the monthly pseudostress climatology from Florida State University and the fractional cloud cover from the ISCCP C1 data set. The wind stress and heat flux are given by
![]() | = ![]() | ||||||||
Qtotal | = Qsol - Qlat - Qsen - Qlgw , | ||||||||
Qsol | = (1-A) (1-aCLD * C + aALPHA* ![]() | ||||||||
Qlat | = ![]() | ||||||||
Qsen | = ![]() | ||||||||
Qlgw | = ![]() ![]() | ||||||||
q(T) | = 6.4 * 108 exp [ -5105 / T ] , | ||||||||
Tatm(°C) | = [5*SST (°C) + 22]/ 6. |
is the solar altitude, Qo is the clear sky flux, A is
albedo and RH is relative humidity. The formulae for Qlat, Qlgw and q
require the temperatures to be in degrees Kelvin. Default values for
coefficients are A=0.06, aCLD=0.75, aALPHA=0.002, RH=0.75 and
bCLD=0.6. The solar flux, Qsol, is distributed in the upper three
layers of the model according to Jevlov water type Ib with 33% of the
flux being absorbed exponentially with depth with an e-folding scale
of 17m. Finally, a minimum wind speed, WNDmin, can be set in the
formulae for Qlat and Qsen, and for monthly wind forcing this has
mostly been set to 4m/s.